Chapter 11, p. 390-398

Remember to use the general advice given on past study guides on how to approach your studying. If you haven't done well on past exams, please feel free to see me and/or your TAs or tutors for advice on studying and test-taking skills. Also, any of us will be happy to meet with you before the final exam to go over your notes, answer your questions, etc.

Also, don't forget to complete the research requirement and take advantage of the extra credit opportunities. Don't just assume there is nothing more you can do about your grade.

1. Know the definitions for stress and stressors.
   
2. Frustration-induced stress - just the general idea; no specifics necessary.
   
3. Conflict-induced stress - the general idea, plus you should know the different types of conflict:
   (approach-approach; avoidance-avoidance; approach-avoidance; multiple approach-avoidance)
   
4. Life-induced stress. Here, you should have some idea of the type of life events that produce stress, and that they are not necessarily all negative. You do not have to know the specifics about the rating scales. DO know about the issue of stress caused by major or dramatic life changes vs. everyday hassles.
   
   
5. Individual differences in responding to stressors - what are the characteristics that make some people "hardy" and able to resist stress better than others? (3 Cs - challenge, control, commitment)
   
   
6. Know the stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome and how it relates to the Autonomic Nervous System and its two parts (Sympathetic & Parasympathetic).
   
   

NOTE: You do not have to know anything from the rest of this chapter. However, I recommend that you read the sections on effective and ineffective strategies for coping with stress on p. 399-404. You may find them helpful, especially at this point in the semester when everyone's stress seems to be increasing. Also, don't forget about the chapter summary on p.415.

Chapter 12, Topic 12A

1. Have a general idea about the following:
   
   1. issues involved in determining what is "abnormal".
   2. what the DSM is, and that the current one is DSM-IV (actually DSM-IV-TR)
   3. reasons for diagnosis and labeling, as well as problems with it.
   4. the meaning of "insanity", plus the section labeled "A Few Cautions "
      
      
2. Know the descriptions/definitions of the following Anxiety Disorders:
   
   1. Generalized anxiety disorder
   2. Panic disorder
   3. Phobic disorders
   4. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
      1. definitions of obsessions & compulsions
   5. Post-traumatic stress disorder
      
      
3. Know what Somatoform Disorders are, as well as the following specific ones:
   
   1. Hypochondriasis
   2. Somatization disorder
   3. Conversion disorder
      
      
4. Know what dissociation is, and the descriptions of the following Dissociative Disorders:
   
   1. Dissociative amnesia
   2. Dissociative fugue
   3. Dissociative identity disorder
      
      
5. Know what defines a personality disorder. You do NOT need to know the clusters into which they are divided, but you should know the descriptions/ definitions of the different disorders, including those that are not in the book but were covered in class:
   
   1. Paranoid; schizoid; schizotypal
   2. Dependent; avoidant; obsessive-compulsive
   3. Histrionic; narcissistic; borderline
   4. Antisocial personality disorder
      
      

1. Alzheimer's Dementia - just know basically what it is. No details necessary.
   
   
2. Know the following regarding Mood Disorders:
   
   1. what depression and mania are
   2. the descriptions/definitions of the following disorders:
      
      1. Major depression (Major depressive disorder)
      2. Dysthymia (Dysthymic disorder)
      3. Bipolar disorder
         
   3. a general idea of the genetic factors; the diathesis-stress model
   4. a general idea of the biochemical factors
   5. cognitive factors & gender issues (from class)
      
3. Know the basic symptoms of Schizophrenia, and also the following:
   
   1. positive vs. negative symptoms, and how they relate to causes and treatment
   2. delusions and hallucinations
   3. the subtypes of schizophrenia (Table 12.6)
   4. a general idea of the causes, particularly genetics & the dopamine hypothesis
      
      

1. The basics about the historical treatment of the mentally ill, & drug treatment. You do not need to know about the different drugs used, nor any specifics about drugs.
2. What psychotherapy is, and the major professions that provide it.
   
   

1. Attitudes: have a general idea of how they are formed and changed, plus the following specifics:
   
   1. cognitive dissonance
   2. attitude change by persuasion
      
2. Attribution theory
   
   1. internal vs. external attributions
   2. the fundamental attribution error
      
3. Interpersonal attraction
   
   1. you don't need to know the theories of attraction
   2. some factors affecting attraction:
      
      1. reciprocity
      2. proximity
      3. physical attractiveness
      4. similarity
4. Conformity - what it is, and generally what affects it
   
5. Obedience to authority
   
   1. what basically happened in the Milgram study (a very important study)
   2. ethical issues

      6. Bystander intervention

      a. what this refers to

      b. 3 requirements before helping:

      1. notice what is going on

      2. interpret the situation as an emergency

      3. feel responsibility for doing something