Neo-Freudians- Ego Psychology
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Carl Jung- analytic psychology
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collective unconscious
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psyche-
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shadow-
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animus-
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anima-
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psychic energy-
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Erik Erikson- eight stages of development
each focusing on a crisis relevant at that period
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Age.........................................................Central Psychological Issue or Crisis
1st year ....................................................trust vs. mistrust
2nd year ...................................................autonomy vs. shame
3rd to 5th year ..........................................initiative vs. guilt
6th yr.-Puberty ..........................................industry vs. inferiority
adolescence ...............................................identity vs. role confusion
early adulthood ..........................................intimacy vs. isolation
middle age .................................................generativity vs. stagnation
old age ......................................................integrity vs. despair
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Other Neo-Freudians
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Projective measures- ambiguous and non-directive stimuli
when individuals must impose meaning or order on an ambiguous stimulus
their responses will project or reflect the feelings, attitudes, desires, and needs
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reason for their use
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Three Levels of Consciousness
1. the unconscious
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2. the preconscious
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3. the conscious
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Evidence cited by Freud for the Unconscious
1. amnesia and split personalities
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2. errors in everyday life
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3. formation of symptoms
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4. the nature of dreams-
during sleep, the defenses of the ego are relaxed and the motives of the id can be
acted out as if they were objective reality
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psychosis
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Characteristics of projective techniques
1. the stimulus is relatively unstructured and ambiguous
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2. the respondent is usually not told the purpose of the test or how responses will be scored
or interpretted
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3. the respondent is told that there are no correct answers
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4. each response is assumed to reveal something valid and significant about the respondent's
personality
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5. scoring and interpretation are generally lengthy, relatively subjective procedures
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Rorschach Inkblots
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Dreams
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Content of Dreams
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manifest content- what the person can remember
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latent content- the set of underlying intrapsychic events that led to the manifest content
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Dreamwork- the processes by which latent dream content is transformed into manifest
content
1. condensation-
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2. displacement-
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symbolization- the process through which latent content becomes manifest content in
a form that is not consciously recognizable and therefore is not threatening
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symbols- objects or ideas that stand for something else
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house .....................................................the human body
smooth-fronted house ...................male body
house with ledges and balconies.... female body
king and queen .......................................parents
little animals ............................................siblings and young children
water, bathing .........................................birth
travel ......................................................death
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sexual symbols
vases, purses, doors, jewels ....................female sexual organs
cloaks, sticks, weapons, snakes,
automobiles ..................................male sexual organs
clothes ....................................................nakedness
flying, bridges, fire and burning,
climbing stairs ................................sexual intercourse
spider ......................................................the aggressive (phallic) mother
falling, teeth extraction ..............................fear of castration
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functions of dreaming
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1. wish fulfillment
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2. the release of unconscious tension
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3. preservation of sleep
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dream interpretation
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Clinical Insight
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illusory correlation- belief in a non-existent relationship based on stereotypes, not facts
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