MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY
F684 - 7 credit hours
Fall semester 2001

A
achlorhydria - absence of hydrochloric acid in stomach
adenocarcinoma - malignant epithelial tumor
adenoma - benign tumor of epithelial origin
agranulocytosis - deficiency of neutrophils from bone marrow damage
akathisia - inability to sit still
akinesia - loss of normal muscle tonicity or responsiveness
alopecia - hair loss
amenorrhea - the absence or stopping of menstrual periods
angioneurotic edema -  transient or persistent swelling accompanied by itching, hives
anhedonia - total loss of interest in activities that give pleasure
anorexia - loss of appetite
antitussive - cough suppressant
anuria - inability of kidneys to produce urine
anxiolytic - relieves anxiety
aphasia - disorder affecting generation of speech and its understanding
aplasia - total or partial failure of development of a tissue or organ
apnea - temporary cessation of breathing for any cause
arthralgia - joint pain
ataxia - shaky movements, unsteady gait
atelectasis - failure of part of lung to expand
athetosis - writhing involuntary movements, usually affecting hands, face, tongue
attenuation - reduction
aura - forewarning of an attack
azotemia - increased urea,  nitrogen
 
B
Babinski reflex - abnormal plantar reflex signaling disease of brain, spinal cord
ballismus - involuntary movement of proximal muscles
bezoar - compacted material in gastrointestinal tract
borborygmi - abnormal gastrointestinal sounds
bradykinesia - difficulty in initiating, slowness in executing movement
bruit - murmur generated by turbulent flow of blood
buccal - relating to mouth or hollow part of cheek
bulimia - insatiable overeating

C
cardioversion - method of restoring normal heart rhythm by electrical shock
cathartic - laxative
chlorasma - pigmentation
chorea - irregular, involuntary muscle jerks of shoulders, hips, face
cinchonism - poisoning from overdose of quinidine, quinine (cinchona bark)
climacteric - declining sexual drive and fertility in men; menopause
colic - severe abdominal pain of fluctuating severity
colitis - inflammation of colon
cycloplegia - ciliary muscle paralysis resulting in inability to focus
cystitis - inflammation of urinary bladder, usually due to infection

D
decidua - modified mucous membrane of uterus characteristic of pregnancy
dementia - chronic disorder of mental processes associated with organic disease
depilatory - agent applied to skin to remove hair
dermatitis - inflammation of skin due to an outside agent
detumescence - reverse of erection, flaccidity after orgasm
diaphoresis - excessive sweating
diplopia - double vision
dropsy - edema
dysarthria - speech disorder: pronunciation unclear, but meaning, linguistics OK
dyscrasia - abnormal state of due to abnormal development or metabolism
dyskinesia - involuntary movements of limb, face; chorea; dystonia
dysmenorrhea - painful or difficult menstruation
dyspepsia - indigestion
dysphagia - difficulty or pain in swallowing
dysphasia - aphasia; speech disorder
dyspnea - labored or difficult breathing
dystocia - difficult birth
dystonia - abnormal posture; spasm of neck, shoulders with head back and to side

E
eclampsia - advanced toxemia of pregnancy with hypertension, convulsions
ectopia - occurrence of something in unnatural location
eczema - superficial inflammation of the skin, with rash, itching
edema - excessive accumulation of body fluids in extravascular space
effusion - escape of pus, serum, blood, fluids into a body cavity
emaculaton - removal of spots, freckles, warts from skin, usually surgical
emasculation - surgical removal of penis
embolism - arterial obstruction of blood flow by embolus
emesis - vomiting
emollient - agent that soothes and softens skin
endemic - occurring naturally in a particular region or population
endarterectomy - surgical re-bore of occluded artery
endocarditis - inflammation of the endocardium of the heart cavity
endometriosis - presence of endometrium at other sites within cavity of pelvis
enema - infusion of fluid into rectum through the anus
enteral - relating to intestinal tract
enteric - relating to intestinal tract
enuresis - bed wetting; incontinence
epidural - on/over dura mater; space between dura mater and vertebral canal
erythema - abnormal flushing of the skin
excreta - waste material discharged from the body; feces
exfoliation - flaking off of upper layers of skin
exophthalmos - proptosis; a protrusion of eyeballs in their sockets 
expectorant - enhancement of secretion of sputum to assist coughing up

F
fasciculation - rapid, spontaneous, uncoordinated muscle contractions
febrile - relating to fever
fibrosis - thickening & scaring of connective tissue due to inflammation, injury
fibrositis - inflammation of fibrous connective tissue
flaccid - flabby or lacking in firmness
flatulence - gas expulsion from mouth or bowel
flatus - intestinal gas from swallowed air or bacterial fermentation

G
galactorrhea - abnormally copious milk secretion
gavage - forced feeding
gingivitis - inflammation of the gums
glaucoma - condition of vision loss due to excessive intraocular pressure
glossitis - inflammation of the tongue
glycogenesis - conversion of glucose to glycogen, usually in liver
glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen into glucose, usually by liver
glycolysis - conversion of glucose to lactic acid
glycosuria - presence of glucose in urine
goiter - swelling of neck due to enlargement of thyroid gland
gout - disease in which uric acid is elevated and deposits in joints
gynecomastia - enlargement of breasts in the male

H
halitosis - bad breath
hematuria - blood in the urine
hemianopia - absence of half of the normal field of vision
hemiplegia - paralysis of one side of the body
hemophilia - hereditary disorder in which the blood clots slowly
hematopoiesis - process of production of red blood cells and platelets
hemorrhoids - enlarged (varicose) veins in the walls of the anus
hemosiderosis - disorder caused by excessive deposition of iron
hepatitis - inflammation of the liver
hirsutism - excessive hairiness, especially in women
hives - urticaria; allergic reaction with wheals
hyperacusis - superhearing; acute sensitivity to sound
hyperemia - excessive blood in vessels supplying a part of the body
hyperkalemia - high levels of potassium in blood
hypernatremia - high levels of sodium in the blood
hyperosmia - an abnormally acute sense of smell
hyperpnea - increased rate of breathing proportional to increased metabolism
hyperuricemia - abnormally high concentrations of uric acid in blood
hyphedonia - lower than normal capacity for achieving enjoyment
hypokalemia - low levels of potassium in blood
hyponatremia - low levels of sodium in the blood
hypotrichosis - a condition in which less hair develops than normal

I
iatrogenic - caused by the treatment
icterus - jaundice
idiopathic - of unknown etiology; arises spontaneously from self
idiosyncratic - unusual drug reaction
incontinence - inappropriate involuntary passage of urine
insomnia - inability to fall asleep or remain asleep for long periods
intrathecal - within a sheath, such as the meninges of the spinal cord

J
jaundice - yellowing of skin and whites of eyes, indicating   bilirubin in blood

L
lacrimation - production of excessive tears, crying
lavage - washing out a body cavity
laxative - drug used to evacuate bowel or encourage bulkier, softer stool
leukemia - malignant diseases characterized by overproduction of leukocytes
leukopenia - reduction of white blood cells in circulation
lithiasis - formation of stones (calculus) in an internal organ
lumbago - back ache of any cause or description
lupus - any of several chronic skin diseases

M
malacia - abnormal softening of a part, organ or tissue
malaise - general feeling of being unwell
mania - state of mind with excessive cheerfulness and increased activity
mastication - process of chewing food
mastitis - inflammation of the breast
melancholia - depression 
melanoma - highly malignant tumor of melanocytes
methemoglobinemia - oxidized state of hemoglobin; cyanosis, dizziness, fatigue
micturition - urination
miosis  - constriction of pupils
myalgia - muscle pain
mydriasis - dilation of pupils
myoclonia - spasm of muscles lifting, flexing arms
myopia - near-sightedness
myositis - group of muscle disorders in which inflammation, degeneration occurs

N
narcolepsy - extreme to fall asleep in quiet surroundings
narcosis - state of altered consciousness due to narcotic drugs
natriuresis - excretion of sodium in the urine
nausea - feeling that one is about to vomit
nebulizer - instrument used for applying liquid in a fine spray
nephralgia - pain in the kidney
neuralgia - burning, stabbing pain following nerve tract
nocturia - need to urinate at night
nosocomial - pertaining to a hospital or infirmary
nystagmus - rapid involuntary movement of eyes

O
oligomenorrhea - sparse or infrequent menstruation
oligospermia - less than normal number of spermatozoa
ossification - formation of bone
osteomalacia - softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency
osteoporosis - loss of bone tissue, with brittleness & tendency to fracture
otalgia - pain in the ear
otitis - inflammation of the ear
oxytocic - facilitating contraction of the uterus

P
palindromic - relapsing or recurring symptoms or disease
palliative - medicine that gives temporary releif but does not cure
palsy - paralysis
panacea - medicine said to be the cure of all diseases (non-existent)
paracusis - any abnormality of hearing
paraparesis - weakness of both legs, due to disease of nervous system
paraplegia - paralysis of both legs, usually due to spinal cord injury
paresis - muscle weakness from neural disease
paresthesia - spontaneous occurring tingling sensation; "pins and needles"
peristalsis - involuntary, wavelike of the intestinal tract in digestion
phlebitis - inflammation of the wall of a vein
phobia - pathologically strong fear of an event or object
pica - indiscriminate eating of non-nutritious material, dirt, harmful substance
polycythemia - increased hemoglobin content of blood
polydipsia - abnormally intense thirst
polyphagia - excessive or gluttonous eating
polyuria - production of large volumes of urine
porphyria - hereditary disease exhibiting defective catabolism of hemoglobin
priapism - persistent erection of penis
progeria - rare condition of premature senility in a child
pruritus - severe itching caused by local irritation
psoriasis - chronic skin disease with itchy red patches on body parts
pyretic - causing fever

R
recrudescence - fresh outbreak of disease after remission
rhabdomyolysis - breakdown of skeletal muscle
rhinitis - inflammation of mucous membrane of the nose

S
salicylism - poisoning due to overdose of aspirin; headache, dizziness, tinnitus
scotoma - small area of abnormal vision surrounded by normal sight
spondylosis - degeneration of the intervertebral discs
sputum - saliva mixed with mucus coughed up from respiratory tract
status asmaticus - attack of asthma lasting for more than 24 hours
status epilepticus - occurrence of repeated seizures without recovery between 
steatorrhea - passage of abnormally increased amounts of fat in feces
stenosis - abnormal narrowing of a passage or opening
stomatitis - inflammation of the mucus lining of the mouth
strabismus - squint: abnormal alignment of eyes
syncope - fainting; loss of consciousness

T
tachyphylaxis - rapid development of tolerance
thrombus - a blood clot
thyrotoxicosis - condition of excessive secretion of thyroid hormones
tinnitus - ringing in ears
tocolytic - facilitates relaxation of the uterus, delivery of fetus
trachoma - contagious, severe conjunctivitis
trichobezoar - hairball
tumescence - swelling

U
uricosuric - drugs increasing the secretion of uric acid in the urine
uremia - presence of excessive amounts of urea or nitrogen waste in blood
urticaria - hives; acute / chronic allergic reaction with wheals
uveitis - inflammation of eye (iris, etc)

V
vertigo - illusion that patient or environment is rotating
vitiligo - condition in which ares of skin lose pigment and become white

W
wheal - red/white raised area of skin with itching due to inflammatory process

X
xanthoma - yellowish swelling, nodule or plaque in the skin from fat deposits